Anuradhapura, one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, is a revered city known for its well-preserved ruins of an ancient Sri Lankan civilization. It was the center of Theravada Buddhism for many centuries and remains a significant pilgrimage site for Buddhists. Founded in the 4th century BCE, Anuradhapura served as the capital until the 11th century CE.
The sacred city is renowned for its historical and archaeological significance, featuring numerous monuments, palaces, and temples. Among its most iconic structures is the Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred fig tree believed to have grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment. This tree, planted in 288 BCE, is considered the oldest historically documented tree in the world.
Another notable feature is the Ruwanwelisaya stupa, built by King Dutugemunu in 140 BCE, which stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of ancient Sri Lankan builders. The stupa is a hemispherical structure that enshrines sacred relics and is surrounded by a wall adorned with sculpted elephants.
The Jetavanaramaya and Abhayagiri stupas are also significant, with the former once being the tallest stupa in the world, symbolizing the city’s ancient grandeur. Additionally, the city’s intricate irrigation systems, such as the twin ponds (Kuttam Pokuna), highlight the advanced engineering skills of the period.
Anuradhapura’s sacred city offers a glimpse into the rich cultural and religious heritage of Sri Lanka, making it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and spiritual seekers alike.